![]() ![]() We show that this expectation is indeed realized in magnetic trilayer structures. It is expected that the in-plane component will help reduce the incubation delay analogous to the conventional SOT, while the out-of-plane component enables field-free switching at a low current 27. An important difference of this trilayer from other field-free switching schemes is that spin polarizations carried by spin currents have both in-plane and out-of-plane components. In this work, we demonstrate a field-free ultrafast SOT switching with CoFeB/Ti/CoFeB/MgO trilayers in which the top PMA CoFeB layer can be manipulated by spin currents generated from the bottom magnetic layer 25 or its interfaces 24, 26. Despite some progress, a clear field-free solution for ultrafast SOT operations remains elusive for real applications. To tackle this issue, various approaches have been proposed to achieve field-free SOT switching, such as utilizing antiferromagnet 17, 18, interlayer exchange coupling 19, tilted magnetic anisotropy 20, geometrical asymmetry 21, 22, and out-of-plane spin accumulation 23, 24. However, the development of SOT-MRAM for ultrafast applications still remains challenging as an in-plane (IP) magnetic field is typically required to achieve deterministic switching 4, which is an obstacle for practical SOT-MRAM applications. Moreover, the SOT scheme decouples the write and read current paths significantly enhancing reading reliability and device endurance as compared to the STT scheme 6, 16. It thus minimizes the incubation delay during the switching and enables sub-nanosecond (sub-ns) switching with an assist magnetic field 15. In conventional SOT devices with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of the switchable free layer, the current-induced damping-like torque is orthogonal to the magnetization of the free layer. To overcome the above limitations, spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching has been proposed as an alternative to the STT scheme 3, 4, 12, 13, 14. Moreover, the single path for both reading and writing makes it challenging to attain reliable reading operations 6. This renders STT-MRAM unsuitable for ultrafast applications such as cache memories. Enforced fast switching of STT may be possible with a large current density ( J c) in the writing process, however, this causes endurance issues, as the large J c degrades the oxide barrier of the MTJs. Time-resolved studies have shown that the switching speed of STT is limited to a timescale of 1 to 100 ns because of the non-negligible incubation delay induced by the collinear magnetization alignment of the reference and free layer 9, 10, 11. However, STT encounters limitations in ultrafast magnetization switching, which is of great importance for the development of high-speed data storage and processing devices. STT-MRAM has become a competitive technology as a replacement of embedded flash, and is promising for automotive and in-memory applications 6, 7, 8. Spin transfer torques (STT) 1, 2, 5 are presently utilized for magnetic random access memory (MRAM) applications with the magnetization of the nanomagnet controlled by an electric current that passes through an oxide layer in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Similar content being viewed by othersĬurrent-induced magnetization switching in nanomagnets has recently gained increasing attention to meet the demand for compact, fast, and energy-efficient magnetic storage cells and devices 1, 2, 3, 4. Our results offer a field-free SOT solution for energy-efficient scalable MRAM applications. The in-plane component reduces the incubation time, while the out-of-plane component realizes field-free switching at a low current. In this trilayer, the bottom magnetic layer or its interface generates spin currents with polarizations in both in-plane and out-of-plane components. ![]() Here, we demonstrate field-free SOT switching at sub-ns timescales in a CoFeB/Ti/CoFeB ferromagnetic trilayer, which satisfies all three conditions. However, for practical, high-speed SOT devices, it must satisfy three conditions simultaneously, i.e., field-free switching at short current pulses, short incubation delay, and low switching current. A potential alternative to STT is spin-orbit torque (SOT). Conventional magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices rely on spin-transfer torque (STT), this however limits MRAM applications because of the nanoseconds incubation delay and associated endurance issues. ![]() Current-induced spin torques enable the electrical control of the magnetization with low energy consumption. ![]()
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![]() If your product key isn't saved to your BIOS/UEFI for some reason, then these commands will either throw an error or return an empty string. In other words, they may only work if Windows came preinstalled, and not if you built the machine yourself and installed/activated Windows. Then, run the following command: wmic path softwarelicensingservice get OA3xOriginalProductKeyĪfter that, you'll see your Windows 10 product key:Īlternatively, you can run this command in the Command Prompt terminal: powershell "(Get-WmiObject -query ‘select * from SoftwareLicensingService’).OA3xOriginalProductKey"īoth of these commands attempt to read your Windows product key from something called the OA3 BIOS marker. If you want to get your product key from Windows, the easiest way is to do that is through the Windows Command Prompt.įirst, press the Windows key, search for "cmd", and click on "Run as administrator": ![]() How to get your Windows 10 product key with the Command Prompt Whatever the reason, here are a few ways to get your Windows 10 product key. Still, there are times when you might need your product key, like if you want to transfer a Windows Home or Pro license to another machine. This makes it really easy if you ever want to reinstall or upgrade Windows – there's no sticker on the machine that could get damaged, and no small label to lose. Whether you installed and activated Windows yourself, or it came preinstalled, your product key is stored in the BIOS. These days, if you buy a Windows 10 Home or Pro from the Microsoft Store or another online retailer like Amazon, it'll include a digital copy of your product key.īut if your computer is relatively new and came with Windows preinstalled, you might be wondering how to find your key – there's likely no sticker on the machine, and the computer manufacturer probably didn't include one in the box. Or if you bought a physical copy of Windows, your product key would be included somewhere in the box: A Windows 10 product key label - Source Usually you could find the sticker on the side of a desktop PC, or stuck to the bottom of a laptop: An old-school Windows product key sticker – Source What's a Windows 10 product key?Ī Windows product key or license is a 25 digit code used to activate your installation of Windows.īack in the day, all you had to do to find your Windows product key was look for a sticker somewhere on the machine. In this quick tutorial we'll go over what a Windows product key is, and I'll share several ways to find the product key on modern Windows machines. If you're having trouble finding your Windows 10 product key, we've got you covered. ![]() ![]() ![]() Steede wrote me back on Mato say that his interpretation of the Mayan signs was almost identical to my translation of the Mayan and Olmec/Mande signs.
![]() The Dosage layer, the final level of the PSP hierarchy, imposes a periodic Dosage ON and Dosage OFF mechanism onto the underlying Pulse Pattern and Train layers. It defines sequences of stimulation “trains” during which the underlying Pulse Pattern is repeated. The Train layer modulates the Pulse Pattern layer and is the next level of the PSP hierarchy. The Pulse Pattern layer operates with the finest granularity of the three layers and comprises repeating periods of stimulation and quiescence. Each of these layers is independently configurable to offer and achieve optimal pain relief for each unique patient. The PSP family of waveforms is composite signals created by layering specific temporal patterns (Pulse Patterns, Trains, and Dosages) in a hierarchical structure. This method may drive the simultaneous benefits of multiple, different therapies with a single pattern. The novel PSP used here is a proprietary, unique, layered therapeutic approach that allows each stimulation layer to be individually adjusted to potentially tap into a distinct mechanism of action. ![]() Among the options included was a novel, paresthesia-independent, PSP with the amplitude optimized for each subject. Multiple therapy options were offered to each subject. Programming of each implanted device was performed by clinical personnel from the study sponsor, under the direction of a study physician. The system was programmed for optimal pain relief. ![]() The brief pain inventory (BPI) was used to evaluate the severity of pain and its impact on functioning. Baseline assessments were completed including pain ratings for both leg and/or back pain using the 11-point NRS (0 = no pain 10 = worst possible pain) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of 0 to 10 cm (0 = no pain 10 = worst pain imaginable). The key exclusion criteria included 1) previously failed SCS 2) sensitivity to adhesives worn on the skin 3) > 120 mg morphine equivalents per 24 hours and 4) mechanical spine instability. ![]() The key inclusion criteria included 1) chronic intractable pain of the leg(s) and/or back, predominantly neuropathic (based on investigator’s clinical judgment, physical examination, and presenting pain symptoms) 2) baseline Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain diary score of ≥ 6 3) diagnosis of failed back surgery syndrome and 4) ability to appropriately place an adhesive disc on one’s back. Subjects recruited from six comprehensive pain centers in Australia who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and signed informed consent were enrolled in the study. This prospective, open-label feasibility study was conducted to obtain clinical data on the safety and efficacy of a neurostimulation system for SCS (Nalu Medical, Inc, Carlsbad, CA). In addition, we hypothesize that the pulsed stimulation pattern (PSP) waveform provides pain relief that is comparable with other commercially available waveforms. The design hypothesis for this novel, battery-free, miniaturized IPG is to provide a comfortable system to patients that decreases pain at the implant site owing to its small size (< 1.5 cm 3) compared with historical SCS systems with larger implants. In addition, the unique microchip design of the system allows software upgrades over time for additional capabilities, parameters, and therapy options. This IPG (< 1.5 cm 3) delivers pulses to one or two percutaneous leads (up to eight contacts each) placed in the epidural space for SCS or in proximity to a nerve for peripheral nerve stimulation and can support a broad menu of therapy options, including novel waveforms. The device is not cleared to treat pain in the craniofacial region. The FDA has cleared the system for two indications: 1) SCS as the sole mitigating agent, or as an adjunct to other modes of therapy used in a multidisciplinary approach for chronic, intractable pain of the trunk and/or limbs, including unilateral or bilateral pain and 2) peripheral nerve stimulation for pain management in adults who have severe, intractable chronic pain of peripheral nerve origin, as the sole mitigating agent or as an adjunct to other modes of therapy used in a multidisciplinary approach. Recently, a battery-free, miniaturized IPG, < 1.5 cm 3 volume, has been developed that is powered by a small, externally worn battery pack (Therapy Disc ). ![]() ![]() ![]() If you're having problems importing the crosshair codes, check out How To Import/Export Crosshairs In Valorant where we got the whole process explained step by step. Zekken's, Aspas's, or even TenZ's crosshairs are probably your best options if you're just starting out with your aim improvement training. If you're just starting out, it's advisable to not get anything like the "dot" but start with a rather "normal" one. LOUD aspas changing his crosshair at halftime on Ascent he's just like me fr #VCTAmericas /7HJ0jDiGiX- WUGU CosmicDeven May 28, 2023 A smaller crosshair makes it easier to aim for the head but also asks for better mechanical skill to get the most out of it. Here are the latest Valorant patch notes, which cover everything added in the 8.04 update from March 5, 2024. There are different tastes when it comes to crosshairs, but the recent trend or "meta" is to have it as small as possible. Trying out multiple crosshairs isn't a hustle as you just need to copy someone's crosshair code, paste it in-game and try them out one by one. Going through nAts settings is a good way to start getting better in Valorant, so this article will focus on nAts various in-game settings and equipment in 2023. Having said that, it is high risk, high reward, so use it at your own risk. Valorant's ability to copy anyone's crosshair with just two clicks makes it easier for players to find the right fit for them. The infamous 'dot' crosshair from CS:GO has proven to be even better in Valorant. Misc: He swaps between black & white, you can try both too! Black & Small, Aspas's Crosshair | © aspaszin Yay Crosshair CodeĬrosshair Code: 0 P h 0 f 0 0l 4 0o 0 0a 1 0f 0 1b 0 This is Yay's Crosshair Code | © yayster Zekken Crosshair CodeĬrosshair Code: 0 c 1 P c 7 t 3 o 1 f 0 0t 10 0l 1 0v 0 0g 1 0o 4 0a 1 0f 0 1t 9 1o 0 1a 1 1m 0 1f 0 Zekken rocking the green crosshair paired with the brand new Champions Vandal | © zekken Importing Pro Player's Crosshair Codes Misc: Thickness should be 1 & Outlines: On This Cyan circle-like dot is Boaster's Crosshair | ©OfficialBoaster Aspas Crosshair CodeĬrosshair code: 0 P c 5 o 1 d 1 z 3 f 0 0b 0 1b 0 TenZ Crosshair CodeĬrosshair code: 0 s 1 P c 5 h 0 0l 5 0v 0 0g 1 0a 1 0f 0 1l 0 1v 4 1g 1 1o 2 1a 1 1m 0 1f 0 S c 5 o 1 This is TenZ's Cyan Crosshair | © TenZ Boaster Crosshair CodeĬrosshair code: 0 s 1 P c 1 o 1 d 1 0l 0 0o 2 0a 1 0f 0 1t 0 1l 0 1o 0 1a 0 S c 1 o 1 Here are the Valorant's Crème de la crème players and their crosshairs. Green is fine as a crosshair colour but choose what you want. I believe that if you dont ads my second recommendation is probably the best for you. I would recommend never using outer lines. ![]() When picking the right crosshair you need to be patient, and try all of the ones that catch your attention. As for crosshair I would go for either a dot with width of 2 or 3 and outline width of 1, or a inner line length of 4-9(width of 1 or 2) and outline of 1. ![]() If you are already in the process, How To Improve Your Aim in Valorant? can be of good guidance for you. Even though it can be a time-consuming process, picking the right crosshair for you is a good step in the direction of improving your aim. Included among the best crosshairs in Valorant are both white and green-colored cursors, most of which are dot-like in appearance with settings that serve specific purposes. ![]() ![]() Beginning, Middle, End Naty Spinelli/Anchor Chart via Pinterest Just introduce them to these three simple steps and watch them succeed! 5. ![]() Making predictions is a great way for students to interact with a text. Making Predictions Elementary Antics/Anchor Charts via Pinterest This way, they’ll break the text into bite-sized chunks and truly understand what they’re reading. Stop students from skimming longer texts with this concept. Read, Cover, Remember, Retell Leslie Hatcher/Anchor Chart via Pinterest ![]() They’ll know exactly what to look out for, and searching for these pieces will make reading seem like a fun scavenger hunt. Story Elements Teaching With a Mountain View/Story Elements via Going over the key components that make up a story will make your students better readers. They also encourage kids to consider important basics, like setting and characters. Questions like these help students think about the purpose of reading itself. Questions To Ask While Reading Babbling Abby/Reading Anchor Chart via ![]() Check out these ELA anchor charts to help your students analyze the many elements necessary for reading success. As students learn to make connections within a text, lifelong reading skills are born and cultivated. Reading comprehension activities within the ELA block help students develop skills that will deepen the meaning of literature, while also leading to an understanding of material in other subjects. Once young readers move on from word recognition to reading for meaning, a whole new world opens up. Reading is both an art and a science in so many ways. ![]() |
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